Function/Components Of HRM(Human Resources Management)

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             HRM is concerned with the total working life of an employee at work. It performs a variety of functions from the time of entry to exist of an employee in the organization. Functions denote components of HRM. Functions helps achieve the objectives of HRM.

The major functions of HRM are:

1. Acquisition Function:

         This is staffing function. It ensures entry of the right number of employees at the right time in the organization. It is concerned with hiring competent employees.

It consists of the following activities:

  • Human resource planning: It is the process of predetermining future resource needs. Human resource information systems is developed for planning purposes. 
  • Job analysis: It specifies job requirement and determines qualification and skills for various jobs.
  • Recruitment: It consists of identifying prospective candidates and stimulating them to apply for the job. It locates employees.
  • Selection: It consists of choosing qualified and right persons from among the prospective candidates. It hires employees.
  • Socialization: It is the process of adaption of new employees to organization culture. Orientation is a part of socialization.

2. Development Function:

         This function ensures proper competencies of employee to handle jobs. 

It consists of the following activities:

  • Analysis developmental needs: It involves HRD(Human Resource Development) planning to  predetermine future HRD needs. Employee potential for growth is identified.
  • Employee training: It involves skills development of  employees to cope with the current job. It can be on-the-job and off-the-job.
  • Management development: It involves program to enhance abilities of managers to develop their potential for future job responsibilities.
  • Career development: It involves tracking career goals and path of employees. It also assist personal improvement efforts of employees to achieve career goals.

3. Utilization Function: 

         It is employing people productively for higher performance. This function ensures willingness of employees for increasing productivity. It is performing at higher levels.

 It consists of employing people productively through.

  • Motivation: It ensures higher output through employee willingness to put high level of efforts to achieve goals. It focuses on the behavior of employees to exert high energy levels.
  • Performance appraisal: It is assessment of employee effectiveness in achieving goals through performance on the job.
  • Compensation management: It ensures design of the lowest cost pay structure that is perceived as fair by employees. It includes money, promotion, benefits and services. Incentives schemes are designed to boost performance.

4. Maintenance Function: 

          This function is concerned with retention of competent employees in the organization. It ensures that employees maintain their loyalty and commitment to the organization.

It consists of:

  • Employee discipline: It ensures adherence by employees to rules and standards of acceptable behavior. Disciplinary problems arise when employees do not conform to proper norms of organization behavior.
  • Labor relation: It deals with employer-employee relations, grievance handling and employee discontent with job and conditions of employment. They result from perception of unfair treatment. It also includes unionization and collective bargaining. Legal compliance is ensured.
  • Employee welfare: It consists of various activities and programs that promote employee welfare, such as safety, health, sports, recreation, canteen facilities etc.      

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